51吃瓜

Amid an election full of outlandish statements, Twitter spats and ad hominem accusations, many important problems facing America have failed to grace headlines. In the second of a five-part series exploring issues ignored during the 2016 presidential election season, Ryan J. Suto addresses the danger of continuing the implementation of the CVE program at the federal level. Click聽here for part 1.

The Obama administration recently led the federal government in pursuing a discriminatory and ineffectual anti-terrorism policy that, at best, adds little to present efforts and, at worst, could alienate and disenfranchise an entire segment of the American population. The next president will inherit this policy, Countering Violent Extremism (CVE), facing the decision to abandon or maintain it.

CVE is a聽聽with the stated goal of providing planning and funding to support the community-based recognition, reporting and, ultimately, prevention of the root causes of violent extremism. In 2015, the 聽to coordinate efforts with both local and international leaders. As聽, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has begun to train students, teachers and other community members with the hope that they could recognize and prevent violent extremism.

The program鈥檚 framework emphasizes cooperation with local officials and has thus launched three pilot programs: one in Boston, another in Los Angeles and the last in Minnesota. Speaking on the subject, George Selim, the head of the new office of community partnerships within the Department of Homeland Security,聽, 鈥淭here is no uniform agreement on the best way to tackle terror recruitment and the risk of violence on American soil鈥濃�攖he motivating justification behind the local focus of the program. Despite this recognition, CVE, like the Transportation Security Administration鈥檚聽, is based on聽聽regarding methods of detecting potential extremists or terrorists.

Nonetheless, earlier this year, Senator Cory Booker introduced a聽聽to 鈥渁uthorize the Secretary of Homeland Security to establish university labs for student-developed technology-based solutions for countering online recruitment of violent extremists.鈥� More recently, Representative Todd Young introduced聽聽to ensure the CVE program is effective via an oversight group. While neither bill has advanced to the president鈥檚 desk for a signature, it is clear that both parties have taken up CVE as a noble policy model for bureaucratic growth.

What CVE gets wrong

There are at least three policy-based deficiencies of the Countering Violent Extremism program.

First, CVE creates more聽: America now has聽, here within the Department of Homeland Security, with the goal of preventing terrorism within our borders. Since the passage of the USA PATRIOT Act in 2001, the federal government has been endeavoring to improve coordination among federal agencies and between them and local law enforcement on this singular subject. While overlapping competencies may have the aim of eliminating holes in coverage and jurisdiction, the funding diverted for CVE would be better spent improving the accuracy and efficacy of existing efforts.

Second, CVE inherently assumes that either local community leaders can be effectively trained on detecting future terrorists, or that communities presently turn a blind eye toward potential extremists. However,聽聽routinely concludes that there is no known 鈥渢errorist profile,鈥� single set of indicators of radicalization, nor a unitary path toward violence that local leaders could be taught. Indicators are not simple enough to present during a workshop and expect results without large numbers of false positives. Moreover, there is聽聽whatsoever that American Muslim communities have knowingly harbored any past active or potential terrorists.

Third, while CVE emphasizes coordination with local actors, the program itself is still top-down, instead of originating from grassroots efforts. The messaging of this and related federal government anti-terrorism programs, for example, is comical. Catchphrases such as 鈥淭hink Again, Turn Away鈥� and 鈥淒on鈥檛 Be a Puppet鈥� ring hollow when originating from a government, viewed as either secular or Christian, that routinely guns down Muslims via drone strikes or detains them for decades without trial.

From that perspective, how can the US federal government claim authority regarding religion, compassion or morality? It is certainly a hard sell to disaffected youth, especially when millennials are already skeptical of government institutions. In contrast, efforts聽聽themselves have been shown to have much greater promise.

Long-term dangers of CVE

Aside from the obvious potential for illegal demographic profiling鈥攖hat is, lowering evidentiary requirements to detain or surveil an individual based on his or her race, ethnicity or religion鈥擟VE presents other dangers beyond mere policy imprudence. Indeed, the federal government鈥檚聽聽Middle Easterners in the US鈥攅ven American citizens鈥攈as most recently been聽聽by Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump. The heightened paranoia around anyone who 鈥渁ppears鈥� Muslim in the wake of the 9/11 attacks and the rise of Daesh (Islamic State) has already led to a聽dizzying increase聽in .

Further, a troubling theme throughout the implementation of CVE programs is dependence upon educators for detecting potential extremism early. The US Attorney鈥檚 Office in Boston聽聽鈥渆nhance awareness within K-12 and higher education regarding behavior assessment鈥� as part of that area鈥檚 CVE initiative. Educators should not be tapped as assistants for law enforcement, but instead should concentrate their valuable and stretched energies on providing classroom education, rather than policing. Concern regarding the program鈥檚 emphasis on educators is not abstract: Recently, a 12-year-old Long Island boy聽聽to confess plans of terrorism.

These episodes of prejudice and backlash will only be exacerbated by the message sent by the CVE program: That American Muslims are a group to be feared and monitored.

This, in turn, further reminds these already-marginalized communities that the government views them as dangerous outsiders, insufficiently integrated with questionable loyalty, impeding members from feeling fully woven into the larger American fabric. 鈥淚f the government does not consider me sufficiently American,鈥� one might wonder, 鈥渉ow can I view myself as belonging and welcome?鈥�

If CVE is allowed to continue and expand in its current iterations, it has the potential alienate a generation of American Muslims who have otherwise been聽聽of American society. The program stands to create more problems than solutions.

An alternative path

While CVE has a great number of deficiencies, its existence should not be in vain鈥攊t can prompt the question: What can be an alternative policy that is oriented toward reducing violent extremism?

Anthropologist Dr. Scott Atran, director of research in anthropology at France鈥檚 National Center of Scientific Research,聽聽toward decreasing rates of extremism, backed by research:

1) Offer youth something that makes them dream of a life of significance through struggle and sacrifice in comradeship;

2) Offer youth a positive personal dream, with a concrete chance of realization;

3) Offer youth the chance to create their own local initiatives.

This alternative approach emphasizes the belonging that is created best in聽, as opposed to federal- or even state-level, face-less programs. This interpersonal, communal belonging is best supplemented by a global, or higher, purpose, similar to that which聽聽have been seeking.

Thus, a successful alternative policy to CVE involves all Americans, not just those from targeted minority groups鈥攂oth to reinforce inclusion and in the recognition that non-Muslims compose the聽聽in the US鈥攁nd involves meaningful activities that bring forth real contributions to society. Instead of encouraging community members to monitor each other for suspicious behavior, the next president should expand and invest in more civic service programs such as AmeriCorps and Peace Corps, which already exist to create small communities, connect individuals to greater causes and engender feelings of inclusion and belonging.

By strategically addressing problems that exist by utilizing productive and inclusive solutions, the next US president can help to empower a generation鈥攔egardless of ethnicity or religion鈥攊nstead of divide Americans against themselves.

The views expressed in this article are the author鈥檚 own and do not necessarily reflect 51吃瓜鈥檚 editorial policy.

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