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Philip Kowalski is a foreign affairs analyst based in Washington DC. He has written essays on international affairs for the Washington Kurdish Institute, OZY and the Middle East Institute, where he was a research assistant in 2019. He completed his MA at the University of London鈥檚 School of Oriental and African Studies, with a thesis on 鈥淩eurbanization in Post-Genocide Southeastern Turkey (1925-1940).鈥� Prior to attending graduate school, Philip lived in Turkey between 2012 and 2016. He holds a BA in History from the University of Cincinnati.